How Air Water Heater Work?
Heat pump water heaters use electricity to move heat from one
place to another instead of generating heat directly. Therefore, they can be
two to three times more energy efficient than conventional electric resistance
water heaters. To move the heat, heat pumps work like a refrigerator or AC in
reverse.
Heat pump water heaters require installation in locations that
remain in the 40º–90ºF (4.4º–32.2ºC) range year-round and provide at least
1,000 cubic feet (28.3 cubic meters) of air space around the water heater. Air
passing over the evaporator can be exhausted to the room or outdoors.
Heat pump water heaters will not operate efficiently in a cold space since they tend to cool the space they are in. Installing them in a space with excess heat, such as a furnace room, will increase their efficiency.
You can also install an lobel air-source heat pump system that
combines heating, cooling, and water heating. These combination systems pull
their heat indoors from the outside air in the winter and from the inside air
in the summer. Because they remove heat from the air, any type of air-source
heat pump system works more efficiently in a warm climate.
Homeowners primarily install geothermal heat pumps -- which draw
heat from the ground during the winter and from the indoor air during the
summer -- for heating and cooling their homes. For water heating, you can add
a desuperheater to
a geothermal heat pump system. A desuperheater is a small, auxiliary heat
exchanger that uses superheated gases from the heat pump's compressor to heat
water. This hot water then circulates through a pipe to the storage water
heater tank in the house.
During the fall, winter, and spring -- when the desuperheater
isn't producing as much excess heat -- you'll need to rely more on your storage
or demand water heater. Some manufacturers also offer triple-function
geothermal heat pump systems, which provide heating, cooling, and hot water.
They use a separate heat exchanger to meet all of a household's hot water
needs.
Selecting a Heat
Pump Water Heater
Heat pump water heater systems typically have higher initial
costs than conventional storage water heaters. However, they have lower
operating costs, which can offset higher purchase and installation costs.
Before buying a heat pump water heating system, you also need to
consider the following:
- Size and first
hour rating
- Fuel
type and availability
- Energy
efficiency (energy factor)
- Overall
costs
If you're considering installing an integrated water heating,
space heating, and cooling heat pump system in your home, see our information
about air-source heat pumps and geothermal heat pumps.
Proper installation and maintenance of your heat pump water
heating system can optimize its energy efficiency.
Proper installation depends on many factors. These factors
include fuel type, climate, local building code requirements, and safety
issues. Therefore, it's best to have a qualified plumbing and heating
contractor (or geothermal heat pump system installer/designer) install your
heat pump.
Do the following when selecting a
qualified professional.
- Request cost estimates in writing
- Ask for references
- Check the company with your local Better
Business Bureau
- See if the company will obtain a local
permit if necessary and understands local building codes.
Periodic water heater maintenance can significantly extend your
water heater's life and minimize loss of efficiency. Read your owner's manual
for specific maintenance recommendations.
Improving Energy
Efficiency
After your water heater is properly installed and maintained,
try some additional energy-saving strategies to help lower your water
heating bills. Some energy-saving devices and systems are more cost-effective
to install with the water heater.
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